Oracle(R) Linux
Release Notes for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 Quarterly
Update 6
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E63227-02
July 2015
Abstract
This document contains information on Quarterly Update 6 to
the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3. This document
may be updated after it is released. To check for updates to
this document, and to view other Oracle documentation, refer
to the Documentation section on the Oracle Technology Network
(OTN) Web site:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/
This document is intended for users and administrators of
Oracle Linux. It describes potential issues and the
corresponding workarounds you may encounter while using the
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 with Oracle Linux 6
or Oracle Linux 7. Oracle recommends that you read this
document before installing or upgrading the Unbreakable
Enterprise Kernel Release 3.
Document generated on: 2015-07-31 (revision: 3161)
________________________________________________________
Preface
The Oracle Linux Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release Notes
provides a summary of the new features, changes, and fixed
and known issues in the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release
3.
Audience
This document is written for system administrators who want
to use the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel with Oracle Linux.
It is assumed that readers have a general understanding of
the Linux operating system.
Related Documents
The latest version of this document and other documentation
for this product are available at:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/docume
ntation/index.html.
Conventions
The following text conventions are used in this document:
Convention
Meaning
boldface
Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements
associated with an action, or terms defined in text or the
glossary.
italic
Italic type indicates book titles, emphasis, or placeholder
variables for which you supply particular values.
monospace
Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph, URLs,
code in examples, text that appears on the screen, or text
that you enter.
Chapter 1 New Features and Changes
The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 (UEK R3) is
Oracle's third major release of its heavily tested and
optimized operating system kernel for Oracle Linux 6 and 7 on
the x86-64 architecture. It is based on the mainline Linux
kernel version 3.8.13.
The 3.8.13-98 release is the sixth quarterly update release
for UEK R3. It includes security and bug fixes, as well as
driver updates.
Oracle actively monitors upstream checkins and applies
critical bug and security fixes to UEK R3.
UEK R3 uses the same versioning model as the mainline Linux
kernel version. It is possible that some applications might
not understand the 3.x versioning scheme. If an application
does require a 2.6 context, you can use the uname26 wrapper
command to start it. However, regular Linux applications are
usually neither aware of, nor affected by, Linux kernel
version numbers.
1.1 Notable Changes
* Support for installing and using Oracle Linux on systems
that have enabled UEFI Secure Boot. A system in Secure
Boot mode will load only boot loaders and kernels that
have been signed by Oracle.
* Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) and Generic
Routing Encapsulation (GRE) support added to the UEK Open
Vswitch kernel module (kmod-openvswitch-uek).
* Support for Intel Sandy Bridge memory controllers
enabled.
* Cisco SCSI NIC driver (snic) version 0.0.1.18 added.
* Enabled hardware support for the SGI UltraViolet 3
platform.
* Kernel modules are now signed using the SHA-512 hash
algorithm (previously SHA-256 was used).
* Enabled support for more than eight PTP hardware clocks
(PHC).
* Bug fixes for btrfs, ext4, xfs, and OCFS2 file systems.
* Bug fixes to support Oracle Linux guests running on
Microsoft Azure or Hyper-V.
This kernel update also includes updated dependencies for
QLogic firmware. The dependencies should be resolved when you
install the new kernel.
1.2 LXC Improvements
With version 1.0.7 and later of the Linux Containers (lxc)
package under UEK R3 QU6, you can adjust the values of the
following kernel parameters under the /proc hierarchy in an
Oracle Linux container if you specify the --privileged option
to the lxc-oracle template script:
* /proc/sys/kernel/msgmax
* /proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
* /proc/sys/kernel/sem
* /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
* /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
* /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
* /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/accept_source_route
* /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/rp_filter
* /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Each of these parameters can have a different value than that
configured for the host system and for other containers
running on the host system. The default value is derived from
the template when you create the container. Oracle recommends
that you change a setting only if the Oracle database or
other application requires a value other than the default for
a container.
The --privileged option also adds the CAP_SYS_NICE
capability, which allows you to set negative nice values
(that is, more favored for scheduling) for processes from
within the container.
Prior to UEK R3 QU6, the following host-only parameters were
not visible within the container due to kernel limitations:
* /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
* /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
* /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
* /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
* /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
* /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
With UEK R3 QU6 and later, these parameters are read-only
within the container to allow Oracle Database and other
applications to be installed. You can change the values of
these parameters only from the host. Any changes that you
make to host-only parameters apply to all containers on the
host.
For more information, see Configuring Kernel Parameters and
Resource Limits
(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.h
tm#BHCCADGD) in the Oracle Database 11.2 Quick Installation
Guide, Configuring Kernel Parameters and Resource Limits
(http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LTDQI/toc.htm#BHCCADGD)
in the Oracle Database 12.1 Quick Installation Guide, Linux
Containers
(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37670_01/E37355/html/ol_container
s.html) in the Oracle Linux 6 Administrator's Solutions
Guide, and Linux Containers
(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E52668_01/E54669/html/ol7-containe
rs.html) in the Oracle Linux 7 Administrator's Guide.
(Bug ID 21267882)
1.3 Xen Improvements
* Prevent soft lockups due to long-running hypercalls.
* Rewrite of the Physical to Machine (P2M) table to lower
SWIOTLB usage.
* Fixed memory leaks in the Xen block driver.
* Fixed compound pages that were not handled in the
xen-netfront driver.
1.4 DTrace Improvements
DTrace Kernel Modules (Version 0.4.5)
New Features and Changes
* You can now use User-Level Statically Defined Tracing
(USDT) probes in 32-bit applications on 64-bit hosts.
* The d_path() D subroutine requires its argument to be a
pointer to a path structure that corresponds to a file
that is known to the current task.
Fixed Bugs
* A minor memory leak with the DTrace help tracing facility
has been fixed. When the dtrace.ko module was loaded, a
buffer (by default 64K) was allocated and never released.
* Stack backtraces are more accurate as a result of various
fixes to adjust the number of frames to skip for specific
probes.
* The stack depth was being determined by requesting a
backtrace to be written into a temporary buffer that was
being allocated (vmalloc), which posed significant
problems when probes were executing in a context that
does not support memory allocations. The buffer is now
obtained from the scratch area of memory that DTrace
provides for probe processing.
* A system crash could occur if you passed an invalid
pointer to d_path(). Due to its implementation, it is not
possible to depend on safe memory accesses to avoid this.
Now you must validate the pointer before calling
d_path().
DTrace User Space Tools (Version 0.4.6)
New Features and Changes
* The dtrace-utils-devel package now requires the
corresponding version of the dtrace-utils package.
* The dtrace-utils package has been renamed.
* There is a new dtrace -vV option which reports
information on the released version of DTrace, as well as
the internal ID of dtrace(1) and libdtrace(1).
* The <dtrace.h> header file can be included to support
development of DTrace consumer applications.
* DTrace only loads D libraries from directories with a
name that corresponds to the current running kernel.
Fixed Bugs
* Processes that receive SIGTRAP during normal operation
now work even when being traced. Previously, the SIGTRAP
was ignored.
* DTrace no longer loses track of processes that perform
exec() while DTrace is examining their dynamic linker
state.
* DTrace no longer leaves breakpoints in forked processes.
* DTrace no longer considers that it knows the state of the
symbol table of processes it has stopped monitoring.
* DTrace no longer crashes multi-threaded processes that
use dlopen() or dlclose().
1.5 Driver Updates
The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel supports a wide range of
hardware and devices. In close cooperation with hardware and
storage vendors, several device drivers have been updated by
Oracle.
Table 1.1 Updated Drivers in UEK R3 QU6
Manufacturer
Driver
Version
Description
Adaptec
aacraid
1.2-1[40709]-ms
SCSI driver
Broadcom
bnx2
2.2.5o
NetXtreme II 1 Gigabit network adapter driver
Broadcom
bnx2fc
2.9.3
NetXtreme II FCoE driver
Broadcom
bnx2i
2.11.2.0
NetXtreme II iSCSI driver
Broadcom
bnx2x
1.712.33
NetXtreme II 10 Gigabit network adapter driver
Broadcom
cnic
2.5.20h
NetXtreme II converged NIC core driver
Cisco
fnic
1.6.0.18
FCoE HBA driver
Cisco
snic
0.0.1.18
SCSI NIC driver
Emulex
be2net
10.6.0.2
OneConnect (Blade Engine 2) NIC driver
Emulex
lpfc
0:10.6.61.1
LightPulse Fibre Channel SCSI driver
Intel
i40e
1.3.2-k
Ethernet Connection XL710 network driver
Intel
i40evf
1.2.25
XL710 X710 virtual function network driver
Intel
ixgbe
4.0.3
10 Gigabit PCI Express network driver
Intel
ixgbevf
2.16.1
10 Gigabit PCI Express virtual function network driver
Intel
nvme
0.10
NVM Express device driver
QLogic
qla2xxx
8.07.00.18.39.0-k
Fibre channel HBA driver
QLogic
qla4xxx
5.04.00.07.06.02-uek3
iSCSI HBA driver
VMware
vmw_pvscsi
1.0.3.0-k
PVSCSI driver
VMware
vmw_vmci
1.1.3.0-k
Virtual machine communication interface
VMware
vsock
1.0.1.0-k
Virtual socket family
1.6 Technology Preview
The following features included in the Unbreakable Enterprise
Kernel Release 3 are still under development, but are made
available for testing and evaluation purposes. Do not use
these features on production systems.
* DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device)
A shared-nothing, synchronously replicated block device
(RAID1 over network), designed to serve as a building
block for high availability (HA) clusters. It requires a
cluster manager (for example, pacemaker) for automatic
failover.
* Kernel module signing facility
Applies cryptographic signature checking to modules on
module load, checking the signature against a ring of
public keys compiled into the kernel. GPG is used to do
the cryptographic work and determines the format of the
signature and key data.
* NFS over RDMA Client
Enables you to use NFS over the RDMA transport on the
Oracle InfiniBand stack. This is more efficient than
using the TCP/IPoIB transport. The technology preview
does not include NFS over RDMA server support, or support
for NFS over RDMA in virtualized environments. NFS
version 3 and 4 are supported. Currently, only the
Mellanox ConnectX-2 and ConnectX-3 Host Channel Adapters
(HCAs) are supported. The client passes the full
Connectathon NFS test suite using these HCAs. The Release
Notes will be updated if additional adapters are
supported after the initial release.
See Section 1.6.1, "Using the NFS over RDMA Client" for
details of how to use the feature.
* Swap files on NFS shares
Ability for a system to use swap files that reside on NFS
shares. For information about using swap files, see the
swapon(8) manual page and the Administrator's Guide for
your Oracle Linux release.
* Transcendent Memory
Transcendent Memory (tmem) provides a new approach for
improving the utilization of physical memory in a
virtualized environment by claiming underutilized memory
in a system and making it available where it is most
needed. From the perspective of an operating system, tmem
is fast pseudo-RAM of indeterminate and varying size that
is useful primarily when real RAM is in short supply. To
learn more about this technology and its use cases, see
the Transcendent Memory project page at
http://oss.oracle.com/projects/tmem/.
1.6.1 Using the NFS over RDMA Client
The following instructions also include details for enabling
an NFS over RDMA server. These are provided as an example
only, as the NFS over RDMA server is currently not supported
with the UEK R3 kernel.
1. Install an RDMA device, set up InfiniBand and enable
IPoIB.
The Oracle Linux OFED packages are available from the
following channels:
+ Oracle Linux 6: ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK
+ Oracle Linux 7: ol7_x86_64_UEKR3_OFED20
2. Check that the RDMA device is working.
# cat /sys/class/infiniband/driver_name/ports/1/state
4: ACTIVE
where driver_name is the RDMA device driver, for example
mlx4_0.
3. Verify the physical InfiniBand interfaces and links.
Check that the hosts can be contacted through the
InfiniBand switch, by using commands such as ibhosts, and
ibnetdiscover.
4. Check the connection between the NFS client and NFS
server.
You can configure the settings for an InfiniBand
interface in the
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ibN file.
You can use the ping command to check the connection. For
example:
nfs-server$ ip addr add 10.196.0.101/24 dev ib0
nfs-client$ ip addr add 10.196.0.102/24 dev ib0
nfs-server$ ping 10.196.0.102
nfs-client$ ping 10.196.0.101
5. Install the nfs-utils package on the NFS client and
server.
6. Configure the NFS shares.
Edit the /etc/exports file. Define the directories that
the NFS server will make available for clients to mount,
using the IPoIB addresses of the clients. For example:
/export_dir 10.196.0.102(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash)
/export_dir 10.196.0.0/255.255.255.0(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_
squash)
7. On the NFS server, load the svcrdma kernel module and
start the NFS service.
Oracle Linux 6:
# modprobe svcrdma
# service nfs start
# echo rdma 20049 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist
Oracle Linux 7:
# modprobe svcrdma
# systemctl start nfs-server
# echo rdma 20049 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist
Note
The rdma 20049 setting does not persist when the NFS
service is restarted. You have to set it each time the
NFS service starts.
8. On the NFS client, load the xprtrdma kernel module and
start the NFS service.
# modprobe xprtrdma
# service nfs start
# mount -o proto=rdma,port=20049 host:/export /mnt
where host is the host name or IP address of the IPoIB
server, and export is the name of the NFS share.
To check that the mount over RDMA is successful, check
the proto field for the mount point.
# nfsstat -m
/mnt from 10.196.0.102:/export
Flags: rw,relatime,vers=4.0,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,
proto=rdma,port=20049,
...
Alternatively:
# cat /proc/mounts
Known Issues
Any mounted file systems must be unmounted on the NFS client
before you shut down the NFS server. Otherwise the NFS server
hangs when you shut down.
1.7 Compatibility
Oracle Linux maintains user-space compatibility with Red Hat
Enterprise Linux, which is independent of the kernel version
running underneath the operating system. Existing
applications in user space will continue to run unmodified on
the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 and no
re-certifications are needed for RHEL certified applications.
To minimize impact on interoperability during releases, the
Oracle Linux team works closely with third-party vendors
whose hardware and software have dependencies on kernel
modules. The kernel ABI for UEK R3 will remain unchanged in
all subsequent updates to the initial release. In this
release, there are changes to the kernel ABI relative to UEK
R2 that require recompilation of third-party kernel modules
on the system. Before installing UEK R3, verify its support
status with your application vendor.
1.8 Header Packages for Development
The kernel-headers packages provide the C header files that
specify the interface between user-space binaries or
libraries and UEK or RHCK. These header files define the
structures and constants that you need to build most standard
programs or to rebuild the glibc package.
The kernel-devel and kernel-uek-devel packages provide the
kernel headers and makefiles that you need to build modules
against UEK and RHCK.
To install the packages required to build modules against UEK
and the C header files for both UEK and RHCK:
# yum install kernel-uek-devel-`uname -r` kernel-headers
Chapter 2 Fixed and Known Issues
This chapter describes the fixed and known issues for the
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3.
Important
Run the yum update command regularly to ensure that the
latest bug fixes and security errata are installed on your
system.
2.1 Fixed Issues
The following issues have been fixed in this update.
* ext4. When using external journal devices, the df
command no longer counts the journal blocks as overhead.
(Bug ID 20740296)
* Intel ixgbe Driver. The ixgbe driver no longer
incorrectly reports that auto-negotiation did not
complete when the MTU is changed. (Bug ID 20444999)
* Kernel. The issue that meant you could not kill a zombie
process has been fixed. (Bug ID 19364993)
* Mellanox mlx4_en Driver. The issue with the Mellanox
mlx4_en driver failing to auto-sense the data link and
not loading automatically has been fixed. (Bug ID
20103438)
* NFS. In the event of an NFS server failure,
\040(deleted) is no longer appended to an NFS mount point
under /proc/mounts. (Bug ID 20425402)
* Virtualization. The kernel null pointer dereference
issue in deadline_dispatch_requests is fixed. (Bug ID
20577352)
The bug that caused a fatal error in virtual network
interfaces and resulted in them being disabled has been
fixed. (Bug ID 20903396)
2.2 Known Issues
This section describes the known issues in this update.
ACPI
The following messages indicate that the BIOS does not
present a suitable interface, such as _PSS or _PPC, that the
acpi-cpufreq module requires:
kernel: powernow-k8: this CPU is not supported anymore, using acpi-cpu
freq instead.
modprobe: FATAL: Error inserting acpi_cpufreq
There is no known workaround for this error. (Bug ID
17034535)
btrfs
* If you use the --alloc-start option with mkfs.btrfs to
specify an offset for the start of the file system, the
size of the file system should be smaller but this is not
the case. It is also possible to specify an offset that
is higher than the device size. (Bug ID 16946255)
* The usage information for mkfs.btrfs reports raid5 and
raid6 as possible profiles for both data and metadata.
However, the kernel does not support these features and
cannot mount file systems that use them. (Bug ID
16946303)
* The btrfs filesystem balance command does not warn that
the RAID level can be changed under certain
circumstances, and does not provide the choice of
cancelling the operation. (Bug ID 16472824)
* Converting an existing ext2, ext3, or ext4 root file
system to btrfs does not carry over the associated
security contexts that are stored as part of a file's
extended attributes. With SELinux enabled and set to
enforcing mode, you might experience many permission
denied errors after reboot, and the system might be
unbootable. To avoid this problem, enforce automatic file
system relabeling to run at bootup time. To trigger
automatic relabeling, create an empty file named
.autorelabel (for example, by using touch) in the file
system's root directory before rebooting the system after
the initial conversion. The presence of this file
instruct SELinux to recreate the security attributes for
all files on the file system. If you forget to do this
and rebooting fails, either temporarily disable SELinux
completely by adding selinux=0 to the kernel boot
parameters, or disable enforcing of the SELinux policy by
adding enforcing=0. (Bug ID 13806043)
* Commands such as du can show inconsistent results for
file sizes in a btrfs file system when the number of
bytes that is under delayed allocation is changing. (Bug
ID 13096268)
* The copy-on-write nature of btrfs means that every
operation on the file system initially requires disk
space. It is possible that you cannot execute any
operation on a disk that has no space left; even removing
a file might not be possible. The workaround is to run
sync before retrying the operation. If this does not
help, remount the file system with the -o nodatacow
option and delete some files to free up space. See
https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/ENOSPC.
* On Oracle Linux 6, btrfs has a limit of 237 or fewer hard
links to a file from a single directory. The exact limit
depends on the number of characters in the file name. The
limit is 237 for a file with up to eight characters in
its file name; the limit is lower for longer file names.
Attempting to create more than this number of links
results in the error Too many links. You can create more
hard links to the same file from another directory.
Although the limitation of the number of hard links in a
single directory has been increased to 65535, the version
of mkfs.btrfs that is provided in the btrfs-progs package
does not yet support the compatibility flag for this
feature. Oracle Linux 7 includes a later version of
btrfs-progs package, which does support the increased
number of hard links. (Bug ID 16285431)
* If you run the btrfs quota enable command on a non-empty
file system, any existing files do not count toward space
usage. Removing these files can cause usage reports to
display negative numbers and the file system to be
inaccessible. The workaround is to enable quotas
immediately after creating the file system. If you have
already written data to the file system, it is too late
to enable quotas. (Bug ID 16569350)
* The btrfs quota rescan command is not currently
implemented on Oracle Linux 6. The command does not
perform a rescan and returns without displaying any
message. (Bug ID 16569350)
* When you overwrite data in a file, starting somewhere in
the middle of the file, the overwritten space is counted
twice in the space usage numbers that btrfs qgroup show
displays. (Bug ID 16609467)
* If you run btrfsck --init-csum-tree on a file system and
then run a simple btrfsck on the same file system, the
command displays a Backref mismatch error that was not
previously present. (Bug ID 16972799)
* If you use the -s option to specify a sector size to
mkfs.btrfs that is different from the page size, the
created file system cannot be mounted. By default, the
sector size is set to be the same as the page size. (Bug
ID 17087232)
* Defragmentation can break data block sharing. Due to the
copy-on-write design of btrfs, snapshots initially share
the same data blocks of the original subvolume. However,
when either the snapshot or the subvolume is
defragmented, this sharing can be undone, resulting in a
higher disk space usage.
dm-nfs Module Obsolete
In UEK R2, the dm-nfs module provided the ability to create a
loopback device for a mounted NFS file or file system. For
example, the feature allowed you to create the shared storage
for an Oracle 3 VM cluster on an NFS file system. The dm-nfs
module provided direct I/O to the server and bypassed the
loop driver to avoid an additional level of page caching. The
dm-nfs module is not provided with UEK R3. The loop driver
can now provide the same I/O functionality as dm-nfs by
extending the AIO interface to perform direct I/O. To create
the loopback device, use the losetup command instead of
dmsetup.
DTrace
* Argument declarations for probe definitions cannot be
declared with derived types such as enum, struct, or
union.
* The following compiler warning can be ignored for probe
definition arguments of type string (which is a D type
but not a C type):
provider_def.h:line#: warning: parameter names (without types) in func
tion declaration
* Multi-threaded processes under ustack(), usym(), uaddr()
and umod() which perform dlopen() in threads other than
the first thread may not have accurate symbol resolution
for symbols introduced by the dlopen().
ERST Message
You can safely ignore the following message that might be
displayed in syslog or dmesg:
ERST: Failed to get Error Log Address Range.
The message indicates that the system BIOS does not support
an Error Record Serialization Table (ERST). (Bug ID 17034576)
Ext4
* The inline data feature that allows the data of small
files to be stored inside their inodes is not yet
available.
The -O inline_data option to the mkfs.ext4 and tune2fs
commands is not supported. (Bug ID 17210654)
* If fallocate is used to write to an ext4 file system that
has the bigalloc feature enabled, this causes a kernel
panic. (Bug ID 20712768)
Firmware Warning Message
You can safely ignore the following firmware warning message
that might be displayed on some Sun hardware:
[Firmware Warn]: GHES: Poll interval is 0 for generic hardware error s
ource:
1, disabled.
(Bug ID 13696512)
Huge Pages
One-gigabyte (1 GB) huge pages are not currently supported
for the following configurations:
* HVM guests
* PV guests
* Oracle Database
Two-megabyte (2 MB) huge pages have been tested and work with
these configurations.
(Bug ID 17299364, 17299871, 17271305)
Hyper-V
The following known issues affect Oracle Linux virtual
machines running on Hyper-V:
* After you take a snapshot of a virtual machine and then
use the Save action to save the virtual machine state,
you might not be able to revert to the virtual machine to
the snapshot using the Revert action. The workaround is
to click on the last snapshot listed in the Snapshot area
for the virtual machine, and then select Apply. (Bug ID
20110077)
* Oracle Linux 7 virtual machines that use Legacy Network
mode lose their network connectivity if more than one
virtual CPU is configured. The workaround is to configure
only one virtual CPU for Oracle Linux 7 virtual machines.
(Bug ID 20110058)
* Oracle Linux 6 virtual machines running on Windows Server
2012R2 display truncated messages during a system
shutdown or reboot. (Bug ID Bug 20090500)
I/O Scheduler
The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel uses the deadline scheduler
as the default I/O scheduler. For the Red Hat Compatible
Kernel, the default I/O scheduler is the cfq scheduler.
ioapic Failure Messages
You can safely ignore messages such as ioapic: probe of
0000:00:05.4 failed with error -22. Such messages are the
result of the ioapic driver attempting to re-register I/O
APIC PCI devices that were already registered at boot time.
(Bug ID 17034993)
InfiniBand
* You might see the following warning messages if you use
the ibportstate disable command to disable a switch port:
ibwarn: [2696] _do_madrpc: recv failed: Connection timed out
ibwarn: [2696] mad_rpc: _do_madrpc failed; dport (Lid 38)
ibportstate: iberror: failed: smp set portinfo failed
You can safely ignore these warnings. (Bug ID 16248314)
* The Internet Protocol over InfiniBand (IPoIB) driver
supports the use of either connected mode or datagram
mode with an interface, where datagram mode is the
default mode. Changing the mode of an InfiniBand
interface by echoing either connected or datagram to
/sys/class/net/ibN/mode is not supported. It is also not
possible to change the mode of an InfiniBand interface
while it is enabled.
To change the IPoIB mode of an InfiniBand interface:
1. Edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ibN
configuration file, where N is the number of the
interface:
o To configure connected mode, specify
CONNECTED_MODE=yes in the file.
o To configure datagram mode, either specify
CONNECTED_MODE=no in the file or do not specify
this setting at all (datagram mode is enabled
by default).
Note
Before saving your changes, make sure that you have
not specified more than one setting for
CONNECTED_MODE in the file.
2. To enable the specified mode on the interface, use
the following commands to take down the interface
and bring it back up:
# ifdown ibN
# ifup ibN
(Bug ID 17479833)
Linux Containers (LXC)
* Using yum to update packages inside the container that
use init scripts can undo changes made by the Oracle
template.
* Migrating live containers (lxc-checkpoint) is not yet
supported.
* If a Device or resource busy - failed to set
memory.use_hierarchy to 1 error message is displayed when
you start a container, edit the /etc/cgconfig.conf file
and add the following:
group . {
memory {
memory.use_hierarchy = "1";
}
}
(Bug ID 19237222)
Missing Documentation for PCIe Kernel Parameters
The following documentation for some PCIe kernel parameters
is not included in the kernel-parameters.txt file in the
kernel-uek-doc package:
pcie_bus_tune_off
Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size) tuning and use the
BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
pcie_bus_safe
Set every device's MPS to the largest value supported
by all devices below the root complex.
pcie_bus_perf
Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS based on
its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max Read Request Size)
to the largest supported value (no larger than the MPS
that the device or bus can support) for best
performance.
pcie_bus_peer2peer
Set every device's MPS to 128B, which every device is
guaranteed to support. This configuration allows
peer-to-peer DMA between any pair of devices, possibly
at the cost of reduced performance. This also
guarantees that hot-added devices will work.
Mellanox Driver (mlx4_en)
The Mellanox mlx4_en driver fails to auto-sense the data link
and, as a result, the driver is not automatically loaded.
(Bug ID 20103438)
RDMA Does Not Load the mlx4_ib Module
If you enable the OFED stack and the RDMA service but the
version of the RDMA package is lower than
rdma-3.10-3.0.2.el6, the RDMA service does not load the
mlx4_ib module automatically.
To configure the RDMA service to load the mlx4_ib module at
boot time:
1. Edit /etc/rdma/rdma.conf and set the entry MLX4_LOAD=yes
in this file.
2. To make the change take effect, restart the RDMA service
or reboot the system.
sched_yield() Settings for CFS
For the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel,
kernel.sched_compat_yield=1 is set by default. For the Red
Hat Compatible Kernel, kernel.sched_compat_yield=0 is used by
default.
Slow Performance With Multipath Devices
Starting with UEK R2, the device mapper has had the
capability to check whether the underlying storage device has
advertised the need to flush the data that resides in the
device's cache to its non-volatile storage. For a data
integrity operation, such as fsync and sync, the operation
will now need to include the time to flush the device's cache
(if it is advertised). Such an operation will appear to be
slower when compared to a previous older kernel, however this
is the correct behavior. (Bug ID 17823743)
Soft Lockup Errors When Booting
When upgrading or installing the UEK R3 kernel on fast
hardware, usually with SAN storage attached, the kernel can
fail to boot and BUG: soft lockup messages are displayed in
the console log. The workaround is to increase the baud rate
from the default value of 9600 by amending the kernel boot
line in /boot/grub/grub.conf to include an appropriate
console setting, for example:
console=ttyS0,115200n8
A value of 115200 is recommended as smaller values such as
19200 are known to be insufficient for some systems (for
example, see
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19045-01/blade.x6220/820-0048-18/s
p.html#0_pgfId-1002490). If the host implements an integrated
system management infrastructure, such as ILOM on Sun and
Oracle systems or iLO on HP systems, configure the integrated
console baud rate to match the setting for the host system.
Otherwise, the integrated console is likely to display
garbage characters. (Bug ID 17064059, 17252160)
Transparent Huge Pages
The Transparent Huge Pages (THP) feature is disabled.
Following extensive benchmarking and testing, Oracle found
that THP caused a performance degradation of between 5 and
10% for some workloads. This performance degradation was a
result of a slower memory allocator code path being used even
when the applications were not using THP. When the fact that
huge pages are not swappable was taken into account, the
positive effect that THP should provide was outweighed by its
negative effects.
After installing this UEK release, you cannot enable THP (for
example, by specifying kernel boot parameters). The THP
settings under /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage have also
been removed. A future update might contain an updated THP
implementation which resolves the performance issue.
Note
This change does not affect support for applications that use
explicit huge pages (for example, Oracle Database).
(Bug ID 16823432)
User Name Spaces
The kernel functionality (CONFIG_USER_NS) that allows
unprivileged processes to create name spaces for users inside
which they have root privileges is not currently implemented
because of a clash with the implementation of XFS. This
functionality is primarily intended for use with Linux
Containers. As a result, the lxc-checkconfig command displays
User namespace: missing. (Bug ID 16656850)
Virtualization
* When booting UEK R3 as a PVHVM guest, you can safely
ignore the following kernel message:
register_vcpu_info failed:
err=-38
(Bug ID 13713774)
* Under Oracle VM Server 3.1.1, migrating a PVHVM guest
that is running the UEK R3 kernel causes a disparity
between the date and time as displayed by date and
hwclock. To prevent this from occurring, upgrade to
Oracle VM Server 3.2.1 or later. The workaround post
migration is either to run the command hwclock --hctosys
on the guest or to reboot the guest. (Bug ID 16861041)
* On virtualized systems that are built on Xen version 3,
including all releases of Oracle VM 2 including 2.2.2 and
2.2.3, disk synchronization requests for ext3 and ext4
file systems result in journal corruption with kernel
messages similar to the following being logged:
blkfront: barrier: empty write xvda op failed
blkfront: xvda: barrier or flush: disabled
In addition, journal failures such as the following might
be reported:
Aborting journal on device xvda1
The workaround is to add the mount option barrier=0 to
all ext3 and ext4 file systems in the guest VM before
upgrading to UEK R3. For example, you would change a
mount entry such as:
UUID=4e4287b1-87dc-47a8-b69a-075c7579eaf1 / ext3 defaults 1 1
so that it reads:
UUID=4e4287b1-87dc-47a8-b69a-075c7579eaf1 / ext3 defaults,barrier=0
1 1
This issue does not apply to Xen 4 based systems, such as
Oracle VM 3. (Bug ID 17310816)
* Xen does not support the crashkernel=auto parameter for
Kdump configuration. (Bug ID 18174580)
* Mounting or changing an ISO image in a PVHVM guest
results in exception messages in the Oracle VM console.
The ISO image itself is mounted correctly and is
accessible. (Bug ID 19972081)
* You cannot increase (hot plug) the number of virtual CPUs
in a running Oracle Linux 7 guest using the xm vcpu-set
command. Decreasing the number of virtual CPUs does work.
(Bug ID 18865156)
* In order to use jumbo frames with any network interface
card on an Oracle VM Server, you must increase the
swiotlb kernel parameter to 256 by setting swiotlb=256 in
the kernel boot line in /boot/grub/grub.conf. (Bug ID
20333068)
X.509 Certificates for Module Verification
The system reports a message similar to the following if
there is a problem loading an in-kernel X.509 module
verification certificate at boot time:
Loading module verification certificates
X.509: Cert 0c21da3d73dcdbaffc799e3d26f3c846a3afdc43 is not yet valid
MODSIGN: Problem loading in-kernel X.509 certificate (-129)
This error occurs because the hardware clock lags behind the
system time as shown by hwclock, for example:
# hwclock
Tue 20 Aug 2013 01:41:40 PM EDT -0.767004 seconds
The solution is to set the hardware clock from the system
time by running the following command:
# hwclock --systohc
After correcting the hardware clock, no error should be seen
at boot time, for example:
Loading module verification certificates
MODSIGN: Loaded cert 'Slarti: Josteldalsbreen signing key:
0c21da3d73dcdbaffc799e3d26f3c846a3afdc43'
(Bug ID 17346862)
XFS
* In some circumstances on Oracle Linux 6 systems, xfsdump
can fail when the file system to be backed up is
specified as a mount point, for example:
xfsdump: ERROR: /mnt/myxfs/ does not identify a file system
The workaround is to specify the file system by its
device name, for example /dev/sdb. (Bug ID 18483275)
* In a virtual machine, the intensive direct I/O on files
which are being fragmented by fallocate and punch_hole in
parallel may result, in some circumstances, in data
corruption with the error Invalid or incomplete multibyte
or wide character. (Bug ID 18711409)
* The following message might be displayed when you use the
xfs_growfs command:
xfs_growfs: cannot find mount point for path `mount_point': Success
The message is caused by an incorrect mounted project
path listed in the XFS project quota initialization file,
/etc/projects. If you are not using project quotas,
remove the /etc/projects file. (Bug ID 18886520)
* On Oracle Linux 6, an XFS file system can become
corrupted if all of its inodes are used. (Bug ID
19217280)
* On Oracle Linux 7, xfs_copy fails to copy a file system
if the device sector size more than 512 bytes. (Bug ID
19267663)
* xsf_repair causes a segmentation fault when you try
repair a file system using a short reporting interval
(-t). (Bug ID 20015850)
* When you create an XFS file system using the -i maxpct
option, it does not actually limit the space allocated to
inodes. (Bug ID 20430515)
* Mounting an XFS file system that was created using the -n
ftype=1 option results in a mount error and the file
system cannot be mounted. The ftype option is not
supported in UEK R3. (Bug ID 20511541)
Chapter 3 Installation and Availability
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 (UEK R3) is supported
only on the x86-64 architecture.
Oracle Linux 7
UEK R3 is the default boot kernel for fresh installations of
Oracle Linux 7.
Oracle Linux 6
You can install UEK R3 on Oracle Linux 6 Update 4 or later,
running either the Red Hat compatible kernel or a previous
version of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. If you are
still running an older version of Oracle Linux, first update
your system to the latest available update release.
Starting with Oracle Linux 6 Update 5 for x86-64, UEK R3 is
the default boot kernel for fresh installations of Oracle
Linux 6.
For systems that are currently running a previous version of
the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK R2) or the Red Hat
compatible kernel (RHCK), you can switch to UEK R3 at any
time. For details, see:
* Section 3.2, "Switching an Oracle Linux 6 System to UEK
R3 (ULN)"
* Section 3.3, "Switching an Oracle Linux 6 System to UEK
R3 (Public Yum)"
Kernel Source Code
The kernel's source code is available from a public git
source code repository at:
https://oss.oracle.com/git/?p=linux-uek3-3.8.git.
3.1 Upgrading to the Latest UEK Release
For systems that are currently running UEK R3, you upgrade to
the latest UEK release as follows:
1. Ensure the system is configured to receive updates from
the correct channels or repositories.
For Oracle Linux 7, subscribe to either the
ol7_x86_64_UEKR3 channel on ULN, or the ol7_UEKR3
repository on the Oracle public yum server.
For Oracle Linux 6, subscribe to either the
ol6_x86_64_UEKR3_latest channel on ULN, or the
ol6_UEKR3_latest repository on the Oracle public yum
server.
2. Upgrade all packages on the system, including kernel
packages.
# yum update
By default, the boot manager automatically enables the
most recent kernel version so you do not need to change
your GRUB or GRUB 2 configuration.
3. Reboot the system.
Oracle Linux 7:
# systemctl reboot
Oracle Linux 6:
# shutdown -r now
3.2 Switching an Oracle Linux 6 System to UEK R3 (ULN)
If you have a subscription to Oracle Unbreakable Linux
support, you can obtain the packages for Unbreakable
Enterprise Kernel Release 3 (UEK R3) by registering your
system with the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) and
subscribing it to additional channels.
Before you begin:
* Ensure the system is registered with ULN.
For information about registering with ULN, see the
Oracle Linux Unbreakable Linux Network User's Guide
(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37670_01/E39381/html/index.ht
ml).
* Check that the system meets the requirements for
installing UEK R3.
For details, see Chapter 3, "Installation and
Availability."
The following instructions also include steps for updating a
system to use the Oracle OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution
(OFED) tools for UEK R3.
To Switch a System to UEK R3:
1. Using a browser, log in at http://linux.oracle.com with
the ULN user name and password that you used to register
the system.
2. On the Systems tab, click the link name of your system in
the list of registered machines.
3. On the System Details page, click Manage Subscriptions.
4. On the System Summary page, select each required channel
in the Available Channels list and click the right arrow
to move the channel to the Subscribed Channels list.
The kernel image and user-space packages are available on
the following ULN channels:
Channel Name and Label
Description
Oracle Linux 6 Latest (x86_64)
ol6_x86_64_latest
All packages released for Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64) including
the latest errata packages. (x86_64).
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 for Oracle Linux 6
(x86_64) - Latest
ol6_x86_64_UEKR3_latest
Latest packages for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3
for Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64).
Contains the kernel-uek*,
dtrace-modules-*, libdtrace-*, and uname26 packages.
Oracle Linux 6 Dtrace Userspace Tools (x86_64) - Latest
ol6_x86_64_Dtrace_userspace_latest
The latest DTrace user space tools for Oracle Linux 6
(x86_64).
Contains the dtrace-utils* packages.
OFED supporting tool packages for Unbreakable Enterprise
Kernel on Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64)
ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK
Latest OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) supporting
tools for the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) on Oracle
Linux 6 (x86_64).
HA Utilities for MySQL and Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64)
ol6_x86_64_mysql-ha-utils
Management Utilities for MySQL HA with Oracle Linux 6.
Contains the drbd84-utils package.
As a minimum, you should subscribe the system to the
ol6_x86_64_latest and the ol6_x86_64_UEKR3_latest
channels. These channels are enabled by default when you
register an Oracle Linux 6 system with ULN.
Caution
Take care not to select the ol6_x86_64_UEK_BETA channel.
Because you are switching to the latest UEK kernel, you
no longer need to subscribe the system to the previous
UEK R2 (ol6_x86_64_UEK_latest) channel.
5. When you have finished selecting channels, click Save
Subscriptions and log out of ULN.
6. Log in as root on the system.
7. (Optional) Install the Oracle OFED packages for UEK R3.
Perform the following steps only if want to install or
update the Oracle OFED packages, or you want to replace
the OFED packages installed from either the Oracle Linux
6 full installation DVD image, or from the _base or the
_latest channels on ULN.
The Oracle OFED packages are available only for x86_64
platforms.
a. Ensure the system is subscribed to the
ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK channel on ULN.
b. Edit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf and add
the following lines to the end of the file:
[ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK]
priority=20
c. Install the yum-plugin-priorities package from the
ol6_x86_64_UEKR3_latest channel:
# yum install yum-plugin-priorities
d. Downgrade any OFED packages that are already present
on the system if the package version number in the
ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK channel is lower than the
installed one.
You can use the yum --showduplicates list command to
check the package version numbers, for example:
# yum yum --showduplicates list rdma
...
Installed Packages
rdma.noarch 6.6_3.15-1.0.1.el6 @ol6_u6_x86_64_base
Available Packages
rdma.noarch 3.6-1.0.5.el6 ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK
You downgrade a package with the yum downgrade
command, for example:
# yum downgrade rdma
...
Removed:
rdma.noarch 6.6_3.15-1.0.1.el6
Installed:
rdma.noarch 3.6-1.0.5.el6
Complete!
e. Remove the ibutils-libs package (if present):
# yum remove ibutils-libs
f. Install the Oracle OFED packages from the
ol6_x86_64_ofed_UEK channel as required, for
example:
# yum install ibutils
8. Upgrade all packages on the system, including kernel
packages.
# yum update
By default, the boot manager automatically enables the
most recent kernel version so you do not need to change
your GRUB configuration.
9. Reboot the system.
# shutdown -r now
3.3 Switching an Oracle Linux 6 System to UEK R3 (Public Yum)
If your system is not registered with ULN, you can obtain
most of the packages for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
Release 3 (UEK R3) from Oracle Public Yum by subscribing it
to additional repositories.
Before you begin, check that the system meets the
requirements for installing UEK R3, see Chapter 3,
"Installation and Availability."
The following instructions also include steps for updating a
system to use the Oracle OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution
(OFED) tools for UEK R3.
To Switch a System to UEK R3:
1. Log in as root on the system.
2. Change directory to /etc/yum.repos.d.
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
Note
This assumes that yum on your system is configured to
find repository files in the default /etc/yum.repos.d
directory.
3. Move the existing yum repository file to a backup file,
for example:
# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-
ol6.repo.bck
4. Download the latest Oracle Linux 6 repository
configuration file,
http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo, for
example:
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo http://public-yum.oracl
e.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
5. Enable the required repositories by editing the
public-yum-ol6.repo file.
You enable or disable repositories in the file by setting
the value of the enabled directive to 1 or 0 as required.
The kernel image and user-space packages are available on
the following Oracle Public Yum repositories:
Repository
Description
ol6_latest
All packages released for Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64) including
the latest errata packages.
ol6_UEKR3_latest
Latest packages for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3
for Oracle Linux 6.
Contains the kernel-uek*, dtrace-modules-*, libdtrace-*, and
uname26 packages.
ol6_ofed_UEK
Latest OFED supporting tools for the Unbreakable Enterprise
Kernel (UEK) on Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64).
As a minimum, you should enable the ol6_latest and the
ol6_UEKR3_latest repositories.
Note
The DTrace and DRBD utility packages are not available on
Public Yum.
Because you are switching to the latest UEK kernel, you
can disable the previous UEK R2 (ol6_UEK_latest)
repository.
In the following example, the ol6_UEKR3_latest repository
is enabled, and the ol6_UEK_latest repository is
disabled:
[ol6_UEKR3_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever
($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEKR3/latest
/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[ol6_UEK_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever
($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$
basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
6. (Optional) Install the Oracle OFED packages for UEK R3.
Perform the following steps only if want to install or
update the Oracle OFED packages, or you want to replace
the OFED packages installed from either the Oracle Linux
6 full installation DVD image, or from the _base or the
_latest repositories on public yum.
The Oracle OFED packages are available only for x86_64
platforms.
a. Ensure the ol6_ofed_UEK repository is enabled on the
system.
b. Install the yum-plugin-priorities package from the
ol6_latest repository:
# yum install yum-plugin-priorities
c. Downgrade any OFED packages that are already present
on the system if the package version number in the
ol6_ofed_UEK repository is lower than the installed
one.
You can use the yum --showduplicates list command to
check the package version numbers, for example:
# yum yum --showduplicates list rdma
...
Installed Packages
rdma.noarch 6.6_3.15-1.0.1.el6 @ol6_u6_base
Available Packages
rdma.noarch 3.6-1.0.5.el6 ol6_ofed_UEK
You downgrade a package with the yum downgrade
command, for example:
# yum downgrade rdma
...
Removed:
rdma.noarch 6.6_3.15-1.0.1.el6
Installed:
rdma.noarch 3.6-1.0.5.el6
Complete!
d. Remove the ibutils-libs package (if present):
# yum remove ibutils-libs
e. Install the Oracle OFED packages from the
ol6_ofed_UEK repository as required, for example:
# yum install ibutils
7. Upgrade all packages on the system, including kernel
packages.
# yum update
By default, the boot manager automatically enables the
most recent kernel version so you do not need to change
your GRUB configuration.
8. Reboot the system.
# shutdown -r now
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